The Resting Place Essay Example For Students

The Resting Place Essay Sometimes I like to hang out with dead people. I actually tend to spend a lot of time in the deepest corner of an ancient burial ground not far from my house. It isnt actually the rotting bones and haunted gravestones that attracts me to this particular cemetery; its the beautiful beach about a mile beyond the skeletons. Living in Marshfield, Massachusetts, there are at least four beaches I am able to go to to relax. However, I typically choose the one behind a cemetery, which is far from what many people would consider a standard beach. It is discretely located across the street from the entrance to my neighborhood, and there is a sign pointing the way to Couch Cemetery. There is no mention on the sign of a beach, so it wasnt until recently that I learned of the unpopulated Couch Beach that is located beyond the tombstones and gravestones, and I am so thankful that it was brought to my attention. We will write a custom essay on The Resting Place specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although I have had some terrifying, and what only I consider potentially life threatening, occurrences at Couch (like the time I was persuaded by my boyfriend, who finds comic relief through my nightmare, to tip-toe through the zombie-infested and ferocious frog-filled woods at ten oclock at night), I always tend to come to a serene state of mind when I am there. Maybe it is the peaceful silence of the open woods leading to the beach, or the beauty of the suns rays shining on the stillness of the water. Maybe its not even the scenery at all. It could be the amusing memory of the first time I explored Couch and crossed paths with a woman walking her cat in a baby stroller, or the time a young Australian man chatted with my friend as if they had known each other for years, although she had no idea who he was. Couch may be my secret paradise because I can always go there and relive the moment I was told the three little words every 17 year-old girl dies to hear; I can admire the heart and initial-engraved trees where other girls experienced the same butterflies I felt that day. What used to be a place that haunted me is now where I seek solace. For me, the terrifyingly beautiful Couch Beach is my comfortable place. I can experience all of my beloved memories over and over again while ridding my mind of any outside worries. I can feel a sense of independence from reality while being completely alone with nature. I can be my true self and run from frogs and dance in the water as the hurried world goes on without me. I can sometimes be a scaredy- cat, but Im not afraid to tread through an eerie cemetery because I know pure happiness is waiting for me on the other side. What I love most about Couch Cemetery is that when I am there I actually feel brave. I had to muster a lot of courage to slink past those tilted, old gravestones that first night, and that travail encourages me to face my fears in all areas of my life. I am heading to college next fall, and as much as I love my hometown, I am looking forward to traveling away and experiencing a life in new surroundings. I know I can, because I know that even though new ventures can be unnerving and intimidating, as long as I continue to seek the beauty and quietude I am certain I will find somewhere further along the path, I will face and conquer my fears, and I will be just fine.

Blacks in the Cities essays

Blacks in the Cities essays In 1910 most blacks still lived in the south. However from 1910 onwards there was a great black migration to the north. Many blacks were getting fed up of the way they were treated in the south and decided to move to the lest racist north is search of jobs in the factories in the big cities. However when they arrived they could only get the lowest paid jobs and ended up working in the factories and living in the ghettos. Once they got into the ghettos it was almost impossible to get out. They got stuck in the poverty cycle and many turned to drugs and crime. However some blacks did get good jobs and nice houses although they were a small minority. Although blacks moved to the north to escape poverty in the south it was still a very real factor in the north and living in the ghettos was a dreadful reality. The ghettos were dirty as so many people lived in them and they didnt have the means to clear up after themselves so disease could spread very easily. There was very little medical care in the ghettos so once disease had established itself there was very little way of stopping it spreading. There was poor heating in the ghettos and water and toilet facilities were shared which also helped to increase the spread of illness among people living in the ghettos. The ghettos were extremely badly built as they were the worst housing in the cities and there were many accidents in the ghettos and in the streets around them as there were no facilities for children to play in so many played in the roads and there were often young children knocked down by reckless drivers. The main cause for accidents in peoples home was unstable flooring and poor electrical connections which resulted in electric shocks. Also blacks living in the ghettos were looked upon by most whites as lower class citizens and were treated very badly and had poor facilities, such as bad schools, poor playing areas and many youngsters were pushed into drugs...

The Importance of Space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Importance of Space - Essay Example This paper illustrates that during construction one must be able to understand elements such as space, centers, boundaries, paths and alignments during construction. According to David Summers conceptualization, the center was used to define a place where heavens could be traced.According to this author, the center was not articulated initially but stones were placed as signs of signifying the rising of the sun and moon1. The author also argues that paths are important since they acknowledge places and centers hence providing a means of approach and departure. He further argues that the paths cannot be in place without the concept of understanding lines. According to the author, most of the lines converge at the center. On the other hand, the purpose of alignment is to put the center in the most direct possible contact with the external thing that may be the moon, mountain or another center. Using David Summer’s conceptualization the building was located in the center. Surroun ding the mansion was a brick wall in a rectangular manner. The building was located at the center to allow for approach and departure from both sides. From the gate directly to the main entrance of the building is a path neatly done with stone blocks. The main entry faces the gate. This is aimed at ensuring that visitors do not interfere with private properties. The direct path from the gate is also important in case of emergency and this can help in the evacuation. From the main door inside the building is a path that leads to the sitting room and to the diner. On the left is the visitor's bedroom. There is a considerable space between the dining room and the sitting room allowing space for easy movement. The main window is located just near the main entrance door which also illuminates light into the house. The path from the main entrance leads directly to an exit which can also be used as an emergency door in case of any danger. The rear end of the building also contains a wider spacing which is open. However, this spacing is private in the sense that only recommended people can access it especially those living and working within the building.

Art history Making study guides for a quiz Essay

Art history Making study guides for a quiz - Essay Example Unique Forms of Continuity is an embodiment of his futuristic ideas. The figure is in a powerful stride indicating the constant progress and advancement. The contours of the muscular body flutter and flow in the surrounding space indicating the figure's great velocity and vitality as it pushes forward. The body has been deformed embodying its urge towards progress. This is a symbol of what is called as the Futurist World where developments are unprecedented. 28.63, Fountain Macel Duchamp is a French Dadaist who became the leading force in propagating Dada to the US. He believed that art should appeal to intellect rather than senses. This principle is embody through his ready mades which are ordinary manufactured objects transformed into artworks. Fountain is a porcelain urinal which is turned 90 degrees with signed with the pseudonym R Mutt ( from manufacturer J. L. Mott). This artwork has stirred debates due to its alleged immorality. However, it still embodies Duchamp's idea of readymade where the ordinary object is being used for another purpose which the artist imagines it to. This influences 20th century artists like Jeff Koons. 28.67, The Persistence of Memory This painting is an example of surrealism contributed by Salvador Dali. This painter is influenced by Miro and the latter also introduced Dali to Surrealists. Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible. Paranoiac-critical method is his contribution to the surrealist theory where the sane person cultivates the ability of the paranoiac to misread ordinary appearances and become... Unique Forms of Continuity is an embodiment of his futuristic ideas. The figure is in a powerful stride indicating the constant progress and advancement. The contours of the muscular body flutter and flow in the surrounding space indicating the figure's great velocity and vitality as it pushes forward. The body has been deformed embodying its urge towards progress. However, it still embodies Duchamp's idea of readymade where the ordinary object is being used for another purpose which the artist imagines it to. This influences 20th century artists like Jeff Koons. Paranoiac-critical method is his contribution to the surrealist theory where the sane person cultivates the ability of the paranoiac to misread ordinary appearances and become liberated from the shackles of conventional thought. The head, which Dali identified as a self-portrait, first appeared in a 1929 painting entitled The great Masturbator. It may symbolize the artist's lifelong obsession with masturbation which has been the obsession which caused him considerable anxiety. This painting questions Kooning's real feelings toward women. He states though that he likes beautiful women but women also irritate him sometimes. This mixed emotion specifically his irritation toward women might have caused the result of his paintings.

The meaning of democratic, socialist, and secular in India Essay

The meaning of democratic, socialist, and secular in India - Essay Example This paper will delve into the different interpretations of democracy, socialism and secularism in light of each and every founding father of India in this particular context. The Indian society has been for a long time, traditionally plagued by the evil of creed based prejudices and the caste system. Stratification on the orientation of castes has hindered all the possible chances of Indian national unification from the early days. This situation was worsened by the presence of man varied religious groups within India, who were not willing to compromise on whatever grounds to reach a consensus of commonality. The tradition of self-styled and rhetoric religions fuelled divisions among the Indian people. It was a great pain for Mahatma Gandhi to see people stick to the age old tradition of religious intolerance, when it was needed most. It was disturbing for him because it was virtually impossible to organize any nationwide movement against the British oppressors (Collins, Larry, and Lapierre 64). Secularism for Gandhi was an unconditional necessity to bring any form of an all-encompassing political government and leadership. Gandhi personally preached his ideas of secularism and the religious forbearance across the breadth and length of India. However, preaching was not an easy job for him. Gandhi was up against the British, who has implemented the divide and rule policy in India, which saw the declaration of separate elections for different religions and communities in India. The declaration in the Government Act of India Act in 1935 hurt Gandhi so much, and he fought to his death for the uniting of the warring communal factions (Gudavarthy 88). Gandhi’s vision of a secular state is one where religious values are respected in all spheres of life, the public as well as private, but in which no solitary religion is permitted to dominate the

How to Interpret an Education Essay Question

How to Interpret an Education Essay Question Interpreting education essay questions is a skill that can easily be acquired. The key to doing this is in understanding the variety of expectations that are expressed in a given essay question. Each essay question is specially worded in order to garner a specific response from the student. Understanding how to interpret education essay questions begins with understanding the form of the specific question. Each form will demand a different response and will also give specific cues as to how the question should be answered. It is easy to decipher the form of an essay question if you look for the verb prompt in the question. This verb prompt will tell you what the purpose of the question is and what to do in order to answer it correctly. A verb prompt is an action or instruction word, such as discuss, describe, analyse, explain, contrast or compare. By locating the verb you will know what sort of action to take when responding to the question. Some of the most common verb prompts used in an education essay question, are: Account for: Here you state reasons to support a specific topic or argument. Analyse: When asked to analyse you will need to offer a detailed study of the subject matter, identifying key points and characteristics, critically responding to the subject and giving specific examples to support your case. Argue: Here you are asked to put forward an argument or adopt a position on a given subject. To argue successfully, you will need to consider the pros and cons of the subject and give practical and theoretical examples to illustrate and support your position. Assess: Here you are asked to closely examine a given topic or situation, discuss the pros and cons or strengths and weaknesses, and make a judgement based on what you have written. Clarify: Here you are asked to simplify an argument or proposition in order to shed light on its meaning and significance. Comment: When asked to comment you are being asked for your opinion on the subject matter. You will also have to support your opinion with relevant examples and evidence. Compare: Here you simply place two or more things side by side in order to ascertain the similarities and differences between them. Consider: This word simply asks you to reflect on a given topic, offering thoughts that are informed by practical and theoretical observations. Contrast: In a similar fashion to the compare form of essay question, this one asks you to consider two or more things, but the emphasis is on the differences between them, though there may also be similarities. Six steps towards interpreting an education essay question. Always begin by reading the question in full before you do anything else. This will give you a general idea of the focus of the question. Read again, more closely this time, and locate the key words and phrases. This will help you locate the purpose of the essay and what you need to do in order to answer the question correctly. Look for the verb prompt or instruction word. Circle it. Remember these are words such as, analyse, describe, discuss, compare and examine. Look for the key words. Underline them. These words might refer to an educational theory or method, a theorist, a classroom situation, or a task that you might need to complete, such as a lesson plan. Divide the essay question into parts. An essay question often asks more than one thing. Deciphering the parts of a question will help you structure your response so that each section of your essay responds to and answers a part of the question. Rewrite the question in your own words. This is the final and most important step in interpreting an essay question. Here you will confirm your understanding of the purpose of the question and what you need to do. Phrase your rewritten question as a note to yourself, telling yourself what must be done. For example, In this essay, I must consider the role of the teacher in the contemporary classroom and give examples from theoretical models that Ive studied. Examples of education essay questions. The term â€Å"pedagogy† refers to the methods, styles and strategies used by a teacher to instruct students. One such pedagogical theory is the constructivist teaching method, where students enjoy an active role in the learning process, experiment, make inferences and discoveries of their own and come to their own conclusions. Here the teacher functions as a companion and guide in the learning process. With this in mind write an essay in which you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of constructivist pedagogy. Consider how you could implement constructivist pedagogical theories in the classroom to improve the educational experience of learners. Refer to the work of at least one constructivist theorist in your essay. Socrates once said, â€Å"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.† Socrates did this by employing one of the most famous teaching methods in history, the Socratic Method. Write an essay in which you analyse the structure of the Socratic Method and evaluate its usefulness as a pedagogical strategy. State your opinion on whether this method might be useful in a contemporary classroom situation. How might the Socratic Method be used today? Support your response with examples and a lesson plan. â€Å"A teacher is one who makes himself progressively unnecessary.† What might it mean for a teacher to become â€Å"progressively unnecessary?† Do you agree with the above statement? What must occur so that a teacher might become less necessary and learners more independent? Write an essay in which you discuss these questions in light of your understanding of the ideal role of the teacher in the contemporary classroom. Support your argument by referring to one or two pedagogical methods or strategies that might facilitate the role of the teacher in becoming â€Å"progressively unnecessary.† Illustrate your answer with examples. â€Å"A liberal education is at the heart of a civil society, and at the heart of a liberal education is the act of teaching.† In response to the above statement, consider the relationship between society, education and the teacher. If a good educational system is a way of producing good citizens and the teacher is the intermediary between education and society, how does this impact on the role of the teacher? Consider a situation where the community disagrees with what is being taught in school. Should a teacher teach what the community demands or what the teacher believes is correct? In your essay, firstly argue for either the communitys or the teachers position, giving sound reasons, and then assess the implications of such a situation on teaching strategies. Consider Paperts principle which states: â€Å"Some of the most crucial steps in mental growth are based not simply on acquiring new skills, but on acquiring new administrative ways to use what one already knows.† Interpret the above statement in your own words then write an essay in which you explain the implications of Paperts principle in the contemporary classroom. With reference to the use of technology in the classroom, assess how learners may use technology to enrich their learning experience and apply what they have learnt in new and meaningful ways. In your answer refer to the teachers role in this classroom situation. 2/ 4

Essay --

Stephen Crane established the naturalist style in literature, where concepts from real life are reconstructed in a fictional context to exemplify the plight of those trapped in the lower dregs of society. Naturalistic writers depict their characters as individuals oppressed by their environment; their acts are based upon their need to survive and the social order they fall into. The ideals of naturalism claim that human beings are not free, but that their actions are controlled and pre-determined mostly by the setting they inhabit and the natural or learned traits they possess. Keith Fudge, author of â€Å"Sisterhood Born from Seduction: Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple, and Stephen Crane’s Maggie Johnson† states that â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets† has been recognized as â€Å"Naturalism’s first novel† (Fudge 43). The scientific philosophy comprised in naturalism originated from Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution that claim that only the â€Å"fittest† will survive. Throughout the novel, numerous degrees of survival and extinction are depicted; whether it is by Jimmie, Mary, Nell, or Maggie herself. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is indeed a naturalistic tale of both physical and mental survival. Crane’s use of setting, tone, characters, and concepts of Darwinism illustrate this unequivocally. I will begin by fleshing out the concepts of Darwinism and Social Darwinism in the context of the novel and its relation to naturalism. Clarence Darrow spoke this famous line that exemplifies Social Darwinism’s philosophy, which is universally misattributed to Charles Darwin, â€Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but rather the one most adaptable to change†. The environment is of significant importance to s... ... of moral sense; just as it exist in the Galapagos Islands of Darwin. Crane inserts isolated statements which serve to reinforce the Darwinian aspects of the novella. There is a zeitgeist of natural history that runs throughout. The matter of fact retelling of dreadful events, such as when Crane writes, â€Å"The babe, Tommie, died. He went away in an insignificant coffin, his small waxen hand clutching a flower that the girl, Maggie, had stolen from an Italian, she and Jimmie lived.† helps illuminate this point. The first example of Naturalist literature, this novella is original in its approach to literary theory; it is not overly explicit nor does it call for change or revolution in a Marxist fashion, it is unadorned and free of opinion. Maggie: Girl a Girl of the Streets solely recounts what is observable and the rules that are known to be true in the natural world.

Enron Ethics Essay

This article tries to show how the company’s culture had profound effects on the ethics of its employee? And particularly in this case: how did Enron lose both its economical and ethical status? This question makes the Enron case interesting to us as business ethicists. Enron ethics means that business ethics is a question of organizational â€Å"deep† culture rather than of cultural artifacts like ethics codes, ethics officers and the like. BackgroundAt the beginning Enron faced a number of financially difficulty years. In 1988, the deregulation of the electrical power market took effect and Enron redefined its business to energy broker and got a thriving company. The company became a â€Å"matchmaker† in the power industry, bringing buyers and sellers together. Enron embraced a culture that rewarded â€Å"cleverness†. Pushing the limits was considered a survival skill; the motto of the CEO Jeffry Skilling was â€Å"Do it right, do it now and do it better†. This culture admires innovation and unchecked ambition and publicly punishes poor performance can produce big return in the short term. However, in the long run, achieving additional value by constantly â€Å"upping the ante† becomes harder and harder. A lot of smoke and mirrorsWith Enron’s spectacular success, the business community rewarded Enron for its cleverness and Enron’s executives felt driven by this reputation to sustain the explosive growth of the late 1990s, even when they logically knew that it was not possible. In order to indicate that the company was not as successful as it appeared, Enron entered into a deceiving web of partnerships and employed increasingly questionable accounting methods to maintain its investment-grade status. PartnershipsTo push the value envelope, Enron created â€Å"special purpose vehicles† (SPV), pseudo-partnerships that allowed the company to sell assets and â€Å"create† earnings that artificially enhanced its bottom line. Enron exaggerated earnings by recognizing gains on the sale of assets to SPVs. An example is the partnership with Blockbuster which was intended to provide movies to homes directly over phones lines. In this case Enron recorded $ 110.9 million in profits prematurely, even if these profits were never realized as the partnership after only a 1,000-home pilot. Therefore booking  earnings before they are realized were rather â€Å"early† than wrong. The culture at Enron was quickly eroding the ethical boundaries of its employees. Keeping debt off the balance sheetTo avoid that a highly leveraged balance sheet would threaten its credit rating, Enron parked some of its debt on the balance sheet of its SPVs and kept hidden from analysts and investors. This can be read as another example of ethical erosion, but Enron’s decision makers saw the shuffling of debt rather as a timing issue and not as an ethical one. Partnerships at â€Å"arm’s length†Enron enlisted help from its outside accountants and its attorneys to guarantee that the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) did not consider its partnerships as Enron subsidiaries. Enron crafted relationships that looked (legally) like partnerships, although they were (in practice) subsidiaries. A closer look at the partnerships would have revealed that the outside investments came from companies that were owned by Enron. Conflicts of interestEnron officials obviously had close ties with its partnerships. For example, the CFO war partial owner of two of the most important partnerships. The culture of cleverness at Enron started as a pursuit of excellence that devolved into the appearance of excellence as executives worked to develop clever ways of preserving Enron’s infallible faà §ade of success; for the good of the company, Enron’s executives also began to bend the rules for personal again. Once a culture’s ethical boundaries are breached thresholds of more extreme ethical compromises become lower. The self-reinforcing decline of EnronThe sum of incremental ethical transgressions produced the business catastrophe. As partnerships began to fail with increasing regularity, Enron was liable for millions of dollars it had not anticipated losing. The financial implosionThe partnerships that once boosted earnings and allowed Enron to prosper became the misplaced card that caused the Enron  house to collapse. The very results Enron had sought to prevent – falling stock prices, lack of consumer and financial market confidence – came about as a direct result of decisions that had been driven by Enron’s culture. The Enron case of ethical failure consists of more than a series of questionable business dealings. Enron employees, who had been encouraged to invest heavily in the company, found themselves unable to remove and salvage their investments. The company culture of individualism, innovation, and aggressive cleverness left Enron without compassionate, responsible leadership. Leadership mechanisms and organizational culture at EnronLeadership is the critical component of the organization’s culture because leaders can create, reinforce or change the organization’s culture. According to Schein (1985) there are five primary mechanisms that a leader can use to influence an organization’s culture: attention, reaction to crises, role modelling, allocation of rewards, criteria of selection and dismissal. AttentionIf the leaders of the organizations focus on the bottom line, employees believe that financial success is the leading value to consider. Enron executives’ attention was clearly focused on profits, power, greed and influence; â€Å"Profits at all costs†. As Stern has suggested, if the organization’s leaders seem to care only about the short-term bottom line, employees quickly get the message too. Reaction to crisesSchein asserts, that a crisis tests what the leader values and brings these values to the surface. With each impending crisis, leaders have an opportunity to communicate throughout the organization what the company’s values are. Enron was facing a crisis of how to sustain a phenomenal growth rate. Leaders reacted by defending a culture that valued profitability, even when it was at the expense of everything else. The mantra at Enron seems to be that ethical wrongdoing is to be hidden at any cost; deny, play the dupe, claim ignorance, lie, quit. It appears that the truth and its consequences have been a part of the Enron culture. Role modeling (how leaders behave)Actions speak louder than words –  therefore- modeling behaviour is a very powerful tool that leaders have to develop and influence corporate culture. Employees observe the behaviour of leaders to find out what is valued in the organization. Perhaps, this was the most significant shortcoming of Enron executives. Enron’s leaders’ primary message about their values was sent through their own actions. They broke the law as they concentrated on financial measures and used of the creative partnerships. It also sent a message to employees that full and complete disclosure is not a requirement, or even recommended. If the company achieved short-term benefits by hiding information, it was acceptable. The leadership of Enron almost certainly dictated the company’s outcome through their own actions by providing perfect conditions for unethical behaviour. Just as the destiny of individuals is determined by personal character, the destiny of an organization is determined by the character of its leadership. Allocation of rewardsThe behaviour of people rewarded with pay increases or promotions signals to others what is necessary to succeed in an organization. To ensure that values are accepted, leaders should reward behaviour that is consistent with the values. Enron’s reward system established a â€Å"win-at-all-costs† focus. The company’s leadership promoted ant retained only those employees that produced consistently, with little regard to ethics. â€Å"The moral of this story is break the rule, you can cheat, you can lie, but as long as you make money, it’s all right†. The company’s compensation structure contributed to an unethical work culture, too – by promoting self-interest above any other interest. Enron’s reward system rewarded individuals who embraced Enron’s aggressive, individualistic culture and were based on short-term profits and financial measures. Criteria of selection and dismissal (how leaders hire end fire employees)The selection of newcomers to an organization is a powerful way of how a leader reinforces culture. Leaders often unconsciously look for individuals who are similar to current organizational members in terms of values and assumptions. This tends to perpetuate the culture because the new employees typically hold similar values. The CIO of Enron (Skilling) perpetuated a focus on short-term transactional endeavours from the very beginning by  hiring employees that embodied the beliefs that he was trying to instil: aggressiveness, greed, a will to win at all costs, and an appreciation for circumventing the rules. The way a company fires an employee and the rationale behind the firing also communicate the culture. Some company deal with poor performers by trying to find them a place within the organization where they can perform better and make a contribution. At Enron, fifteen to twenty percent of producers were let go or fired after a formal evaluation process each year. Final comments and suggestions for future work†Consequences of unethical or illegal actions are not usually realized until much later when the act is committed†. Enron’s culture is a good example of groupthink where individuals feel extreme pressure not to express any real strong arguments against any co-workers’ action. Employee were loyal in an ambiguous sense of the term, they wanted to be seen as part of the star team and to partake in the benefits that that honor entailed. Two of the most important lessons to learn from the Enron culture history is that bad top management morality can be a sufficient condition for creating a self-destructive ethical climate and that a well-filled CSR (corporate social responsibility) and business ethics toolbox can neither stop nor compensate for such processes. Enron is a case of deceiving corporate citizenship and of surface or faà §ade ethics. A typology with moral cultures can be draft with two dimensions: ethicalness of an organization culture and presence of business ethical tools of artifacts (ethics officers, codes of ethics, value statement). Enron looks at first sight like â€Å"type I†, like a classical business ethics case, with a typical mix of â€Å"amorality† and â€Å"immorality†. But the thesis of the authors is that Enron is an at least as good illustration of â€Å"type II†, of window-dressing ethics, with talking instead of walking, ethics as rhetoric. While â€Å"type II† looks modern, â€Å"type III† looks like the old-fashioned type of moral business ethics, CSR, marketing and public relations were invented with collective moral conscience as consistent label and content, perhaps additionally communicating moral humbleness, with a  touch of British understatement. â€Å"Type IV† refers to a moral role business culture in the age of marketing and public relations, with walking the talk, with showing and confessing openly its collective moral conscience. Bibliography: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p712j1555807774r/ Enron Ethics (Or: Culture Matters More than Codes) – Ronald R. Sims, Johannes Brinkmann

pizza

pizza Computer2Computer 2Freezing and Melting of WaterFreezing and Melting of WaterFreezing temperature, the temperature at which a substance turns from liquid to solid, and melting temperature, the temperature at which a substance turns from a solid to a liquid, are characteristic physical properties. In this experiment, the cooling and warming behavior of a familiar substance, water, will be investigated. By examining graphs of the data, the freezing and melting temperatures of water will be determined and compared.OBJECTIVESIn this experiment, you willCollect temperature data during the freezing and melting of water.Analyze graphs to determine the freezing and melting temperatures of water.Determine the relationship between the freezing and melting temperatures of water.Figure 1MATERIALScomputer400 mL beakerVernier computer interfacewaterLogger Pro10 mL graduated cylinderTemperature Probeicering standsaltutility clampstirring rodtest tubePROCEDUREPart I: Freezing1. Fill a 400 mL beaker 1/3 full with ice, then add 100 mL of water.2. Put 5 mL of water into a test tube and use a utility clamp to fasten the test tube to a ring stand. The test tube should be clamped above the water bath. Place a Temperature Probe into the water inside the test tube.3. Connect the probe to the computer interface. Prepare the computer for data collection by opening the file "02 Freeze Melt Water" from the Chemistry with Vernier folder of Logger Pro.4. When everything is ready, click5. Soon after lowering the test tube, add 5 spoons of salt to the beaker and stir with a stirring rod. Continue to stir the ice-water bath during Part I. Important: Stir enough to dissolve the...English: An empty test tube. Italiano: Semplice pr...

Language and Gender Definitions and Discussions

Language and Gender Definitions and Discussions Language and gender is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies varieties of speech (and, to a lesser extent, writing) in terms of gender, gender relations, gendered practices, and sexuality. In The Handbook of Language and Gender (2003), Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff discuss the shift that has occurred in the field since the early 1970sa movement away from essentialist and dichotomous conceptions of gender to a differentiated, contextualized, and performative model which questions generalized claims about gender. What Are Language and Gender Studies? Regarding gender, extensive research on language, culture, and identity has sought to uncover the logic of the encoding of sex differences in languages, to analyze the oppressive implications of ordinary speech, to explain miscommunication between men and women, to explore how gender is constructed and interacts with other identities, and to investigate the role of language in helping establish gender identity [as] part of a broader range of processes through which membership in particular groups is activated, imposed, and sometimes contested through the use of linguistic forms . . . that activate stances ([Alessandro] Duranti 2009: 30-31). Other work explores how language is used to reproduce, naturalize, and contest gender ideologies, drawing from many disciplinary perspectives . . .. Critical discourse, narrative, metaphor, and rhetorical analysis have been used to examine other gendered dimensions of processes of meaning making, such as gender bias in cell biology (Beldecos et al . 1988) and factory farm industry language used to conceal violence (Glenn 2004).(Christine Mallinson and Tyler Kendall, Interdisciplinary Approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013) Doing Gender We act out gender roles from a continuum of masculine and feminine characteristics; we are therefore gendered and we are involved in the process of our own gendering and the gendering of others throughout our lives. In the field of  gender and language use, this performance of gender is referred to as doing gender. In many ways we are rehearsed into our gender roles, like being prepared for a part in a play: gender is something we do, not something we are (Bergvall, 1999; Butler, 1990). Over our lives and particularly in our early formative years, we are conditioned, prompted and prodded to behave in acceptable ways so that our gender, and our communitys acceptance of it, aligns with our ascribed sex. [S]ome scholars in the field question the distinction that sex is a biological property and gender is a cultural construct, and both terms continue to be contested . . ..(Allyson Julà ©, A Beginners Guide to Language and Gender. Multilingual Matters, 2008) The Dangers of Abstraction Our diagnosis is that gender and language studies suffer from the same problem as that confronting sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics more generally: too much abstraction. Abstracting gender and language from the social practices that produce their particular forms in given communities often obscures and sometimes distorts the ways they connect and how those connections are implicated in power relations, in social conflict, in the production and reproduction of values and plans. Too much abstraction is often symptomatic of too little theorizing: abstraction should not substitute for theorizing but be informed by and responsive to it. Theoretical insight into how language and gender interact requires a close look at social practices in which they are jointly produced. (Sally McConnell-Ginet, Gender, Sexuality, and Meaning: Linguistic Practice and Politics. Oxford University Press, 2011) Background and Evolution of Language and Gender Studies In the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s, women began to examine and critique societal practices that supported gender discrimination in consciousness-raising groups, in feminist cells, in rallies and media events (see [Alice] Echols, 1989, for a history of the womens movement in the United States). In the academy, women and a few sympathetic men started to examine the practices and methods of their disciplines, subjecting them to similar critiques for similar ends: the elimination of societal inequities based upon gender. The study of language and gender was initiated in 1975 by three books, the latter two of which have continued to significantly influence sociolinguistic work: Male/Female Language (Mary Ritchie Key), Language and Womens Place (Robin Lakoff), and Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance (Barrie Thorne and Nancy Hedley, Eds.). . . . Overly dichotomous ideas of gender pervade Western society in ways that must be challenged. Because, however, it is important that challenging exaggerated notions of difference does not simply result in women assimilating to male, or mainstream, norms, feminist scholars must simultaneously document and describe the value of attitudes and behaviors long considered feminine. In doing so, feminist scholars challenge their exclusive association with women and point out their value for all people.(Rebecca Freeman and Bonnie McElhinny, Language and Gender. Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, ed. by Sandra Lee McKay and Nacy H. Hornberger. Cambridge University Press, 1996) In the first phase of language/gender research, Many of us were eager to piece together an overall portrayal of differences in the speech of women and men. We invented notions like genderlect to provide overall characterizations of sex differences in speech (Kramer, 1974b; Thorne and Henley, 1975). The genderlect portrayal now seems too abstract and overdrawn, implying that there are differences in the basic codes used by women and men, rather than variably occurring differences, and similarities.(Barrie Thorne, Cheris Kramarae, and Nancy Henley, 1983; quoted by Mary Crawford in Talking Difference: On Gender and Language. SAGE, 1995)Interactional sociolinguistics [IS] serves as one of many theoretical orientations that have been drawn on to investigate gender and communication. The pioneering study of Maltz and Borker (1982) provided a starting point for [Deborah] Tannens (1990, 1994, 1996, 1999) writing on language and gender in which Tannen investigates interactions between women a nd men as a kind of cross-cultural communication and firmly establishes IS as a useful approach to gendered interaction. Her general audience book You Just Dont Understand (Tannen, 1990) offers insights into everyday communication rituals of speakers of both genders. Much like Lakoffs (1975) Language and Womens Place, Tannens work has fueled both academic and popular interest in the topic. In fact, language and gender research exploded in the 1990s and continues to be a topic receiving a great deal of attention from researchers using various theoretical and methodological perspectives (Kendall and Tannen, 2001).(Cynthia Gordon, Gumperz and Interactional Sociolinguistics. The SAGE Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Ruth Wodak, Barbara Johnstone, and Paul Kerswill. SAGE, 2011) Language and gender studies have seen significant expansion to encompass sexual orientation, ethnicity and multilingualism, and, to some extent, class, involving analyses of spoken, written, and signed gendered identities.(Mary Talbot, Language and Gender, 2nd ed. Polity Press, 2010)

Literature Support Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature Support - Research Paper Example On the other hand secondary research approach is used in gathering existing data and information from secondary information materials on the topic under investigation. The primary methods of data collection will employ questionnaires and interviews as the most effective tools of data collection. Through interviews, patients who are prescribed to medical regimens will be asked questions by the investigator with a view of determining the behaviors which determine whether they adhere to their medical regimens or not. Questionnaires on the other hand will be used to give patients sufficient time and privacy of answering various questions that are designed to investigate the behaviors which define their behaviors towards adherence to medical regimens. Inclusion criteria for the primary research will involve selection of a sample from individuals who are under a prescribed medical regimen. Therefore patients with heart conditions, diabetes and chronic diseases will be included in the inves tigations. Moreover the inclusion criteria will be focused at ensuring that there is diversity among respondents. This means that individuals from various social economic backgrounds, nationality, culture and race will be included in the research. ... This is due to the fact that heart conditions are common among adults. Secondary research methodology will target information databases. Credible sources of information among these databases will be included. This means that it is only relevant databases that would be included in the investigation. Databases with medical journals such as Ebsco and PubMed will be targeted in the collection of secondary data on the topic. In order to ensure credibility, research based and peer reviewed articles will be included in the search. Moreover, the secondary search for information will be facilitated by the use of keywords that are related to the research topic. Therefore the keywords that will be included in the secondary search include adherence, non-adherence, behavior, medical regimen and factors. Irrelevant materials will be excluded during the secondary search. The number of studies that will be conducted will involve case studies on conditions that require medical regimens for effective management and care. These include heart conditions, diabetes, cancer and HIV/AIDs. Therefore patients who are under prescribed medical regimen for the management of these four conditions will be included by the investigator as case studies. Summary of Research Studies Griffith, R. (2008). Improving patients' adherence to medical regimens. Practice Nurse, 31(4), 21-26. This article is a comprehensive research based information source which is wide in scope including the causes of patient non-adherence to medical regimens and ways in which adherence can be improved among these patients. The article is therefore credible and relevant to the research topic. The various

Meeting Organisational Development Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Meeting Organisational Development Needs - Essay Example Furthermore, T&D when imparted consistently provides many other advantages to the organisation such as boosting the morale of employees, increase their level of productivity, guarantee satisfaction of work, maintaining quality and consistency in work along with reduced expenses (Olaniyan & Ojo, 2008). The report will give a brief overview on the requirements in designing an effective Learning and Development (L&D) as a part of the T&D program of the organisation and will try to devise a few methods to conduct L&D in organisation in a successful manner. In order to promote quality L&D within organisational framework, organizations employ a range of techniques for identification of the L&D needs of its middle level managers. The tools provides sufficient information on how organisations can find out the L&D needs of employees and consequently, provide successful L&D, as per their identified and specific needs. The needs identified by organizations among its middle level managers indicated their search for recognition and need for becoming a future potential manager. Hence, to carve out their future leadership potential, organizations tend to employ such tools that can assist middle level managers to meet their required objectives. Although there are many tools that can be used to assess the L&D needs, still organizations that want to focus upon HR development needs can consider not adopting certain methods. These can be use of ‘Consensus techniques’ and ‘Learner centred analysis’, which are less challenging methods to develop the L&D needs. These techniques can be prohibited by organizations as they focus more upon the analysis of their self-learning requirements and synthesize information with the assistance of experts. Organizations can further deduct these techniques One of the tools organizations can use to